What is the effect of ground effect on an aircraft's lift?

The correct choice indicates that ground effect reduces drag and increases lift. This phenomenon occurs when an aircraft is flying close to the ground, typically within a wingspan's distance above the surface. Here’s how it works:

As an aircraft approaches the ground, the airflow patterns around the wings change. The presence of the ground alters the distribution of air pressure beneath the wings. This results in an increase in lift because the air becomes compressed, and there’s a reduced vortex formation at the wingtips. Consequently, more lift is generated at lower speeds compared to when the aircraft is flying at higher altitudes.

Moreover, because the effective angle of attack increases due to the ground’s proximity, lift is enhanced without needing to increase airspeed. Additionally, this altered airflow reduces drag, as there is less turbulence generated within this layer of air.

Understanding ground effect is vital for pilots during takeoff and landing phases of flight, as it can lead to greater lift and necessitate careful management of the aircraft’s altitude to ensure smooth and controlled operations.