What is the effect of P-factor during takeoff?

The P-factor, or asymmetric propeller loading, has a significant impact during the takeoff phase of flight. In a multi-propeller aircraft, especially those with a clockwise rotating propeller, P-factor occurs when the descending blade produces more thrust than the ascending blade. This disparity happens because the angle of attack is greater on the descending blade than on the ascending blade.

During takeoff, this imbalance generates a yawing motion to the left, which means the aircraft tends to turn to the left. This is primarily due to the left propeller providing more thrust and, thus, creating a yawing force that pulls the aircraft in that direction.

Understanding this effect is crucial for pilots, as they must apply right rudder input to counteract the left yaw caused by P-factor, maintaining control of the aircraft during the critical phase of takeoff. Proper management of P-factor ensures a successful and controlled ascent into the air.