Which factor contributes to left turning tendencies due to torque during flight?

The clockwise rotation of the propeller contributes to left turning tendencies due to torque during flight because of Newton's Third Law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the propeller spins clockwise, the aircraft experiences a reactive force that tends to make the airframe rotate in the opposite direction, which is to the left. This is especially noticeable in single-engine propeller-driven aircraft.

As the propeller spins, it generates a torque effect that causes the aircraft to roll left, and pilots often have to compensate for this left-turning tendency by using right rudder input during takeoff and climb. This left-turning tendency becomes more pronounced during low speed, particularly during takeoff when the effective yawing moments are more significant.

Other factors listed do not directly correspond to the torque effect caused by the propeller’s rotation. Yawing forces are effects of aerodynamic aspects and might not specifically indicate torque influence, while counterclockwise pressure on the wings and airspeed reduction refer to different aerodynamic principles rather than the direct result of propeller torque.