Which regulatory body oversees the safety of chemicals in commerce in the United States?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the correct choice as it is the regulatory body specifically tasked with overseeing the safety of chemicals in commerce within the United States. The EPA implements and enforces laws concerning the protection of human health and the environment, including the regulation of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other substances that may have a significant impact on safety and health.

The Agency administers major legislation such as the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), which gives it the authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances. This makes the EPA the primary authority ensuring that chemicals used in commerce are safe and do not pose unreasonable risks to human health or the environment.

In contrast, while the FDA focuses on the safety of food, drugs, and medical devices, OSHA is primarily involved with workplace safety and health, and the NIH conducts and supports medical research rather than regulatory oversight of chemicals in commerce. Each of these organizations has its specific domain, but for chemical safety in commerce, the EPA is the definitive authority.